Architects Meet Security Halfway

Architects Meet Security Halfway

What Should They Do to Go All the Way? 

The normal process for building or inhabited space design goes something like this:  the client goes to the architect and describes his/her vision.  The architect interprets that vision using their creative juices.  That’s a good thing! Once the client approves the vision then project is handed over to an engineering firm to “build the guts”. Once the infrastructure is done and the project is finalized.  The client accepts the project.  At that point, it’s up to the client to coordinate the security features of the designed environment.

Sometimes, this process works.  But more often than not, it doesn’t for a very simple reason.  Everyone sees the project differently.  The first questions the architect asks the client is how many people, what type of space (open/shared/closed offices, how many floors, etc.?  During that conversation there should be questions asked that regard the Design Basis Threat; i.e, what types of threats are we trying to protect against? This particularly the case when it comes to man-made threats; such as, active shooter, hostile vehicle, insider threats.  Natural threats to buildings and people are usually governed by ordinances or codes; fire, earthquake, high winds, etc.  Man-made threats on the other hand are not usually governed by ordinance.

That said, when understanding man-made threats it is important to identify several keys elements of the threat:

1) Types of aggressors threats (covert or overt, group or individual, organized or not)

2) Aggressor motivations or objectives (inflict injury or death, damage or destroy property, steal equipment or materials, and create adverse publicity)

3) Aggressor tactics (both the modus operandi and the tools needed to be successful)

Unfortunately, these elements are usually left up to the security consultant towards the end of the project.  If they were considered during the initial 15% phase or 35% phase of the project, it could easily accommodate countermeasures that mitigate these identified threats purely by designing the space to do just that while still maintaining functionality and aesthetics.

The Department of Defense, Department of State and Veteran’s Administration mandate that a security representative be part of the design team from the very beginning.  The civilian world should follow suit, instead of the current halfway method.

Other trends in the built environment are discussed here:

Security Industry Association Technology Insight, Spring edition

https://www.securityindustry.org/2018/04/05/the-puppy-movement/

Security Industry Association Technology Insight, Fall edition

https://www.securityindustry.org/2018/09/14/creating-invisible-security-to-prevent-vehicular-attacks/ 

Is the Defeat of Terrorism Linked to Hidden Security?

Truly Effective Security Is Hidden

Image provided courtesy of Marshalls Landscaping Products

I’m truly amazed when I travel around the country and see closed circuit cameras everywhere; airports, shopping malls, street intersections – everywhere!   I read recently, that my image is captured several hundreds of times a day.  That’s scary.  So I guess, Big Brother is watching!  At least, that’s what I’m thinking and that's how I'm feeling.  The space makes me feel uncomfortable.  But should I be?

If I'm using the space shouldn't I feel comfortable while using it?  If the answer is, "Yes", and I believe it is, then the question is, “What makes good space?”  The factors range from access and linkage to other services, uses and activities within the space, comfort and image, and sociability.  All of these factors come in to play.  I'd like to focus on the comfort and image part of the equation.

Security as an Enabler and Not a Tax

A British friend of mine, says, “Security has to be an enabler and not a tax”.  By that he means, the environment must allow people to transit “freely and confidently”.   I hate to say it (after all he’s an Arsenal fan) but he’s right.  People will use the space because they can move within it freely and because of this freedom they feel confident that they are safe.

Where there is good quality of life, people want to live and raise their families.  The true measure of a Smart or Safe City is a place where the grandkids want to live and raise their families!

To make this happen Smart City planners will need a holistic approach.  They won’t be able to address a certain sector of society, say utilities for instance and voila’ everything is good.  It will require good infrastructure systems, good inhabited space design, good governance and good community involvement.  The right mix of technology from all sectors and behavioral sciences will be needed. Due to this holistic approach to community planning, companies wishing to compete in this space will need to bring in a variety of specialties in order to adequately meet the consumer’s needs.  As an example, inhabited space design cannot be a function of only architects and engineers.  It must also include security professionals, transportation experts, government officials, behaviorists, and even community members, both retailers and residents.

The reliance on physical security engineering will become paramount as we use inhabited space to mitigate unwanted behaviors and reduce its effects.  We cannot lose sight of the human aspect of using new technologies as we move forward. 

Electronic vs. Non-electronic Technologies

Unfortunately, electronic technologies are invasive.  They assault our daily lives as they collect more and more data about our habits, preferences and routine.  On the other hand non-electronic technologies are not invasive.  They “socially engineer” the space so that people using the space act how we want them to act.  Not because they feel threaten that “Big Brother” is watching but because good behavior begets good behavior.  The use of invasive technologies will need to give way to non-intrusive technologies.  This will take time.  But there’s no better time to start than now.

Immediately after the vehicle attack in Barcelona, jersey barriers started popping up in pedestrian zones and near sidewalk cafes.  This use of concrete barriers systems is extremely unsightly and only limitedly effective.  Instead of using barriers that worsen the quality of the space, we should think about the quality of space we are protecting and integrate aesthetically pleasing barriers into the environment that actually blend in and keep it picturesque – complimenting instead of spoiling.  Remember, no one wants security to be a tax, even if it’s only a visual burden.  Having ugly concrete jersey barriers right next to you while sipping your Brunello di Montalcino at an outdoor café table doesn’t project the atmosphere we are trying to achieve; however, flower planters, benches, light poles, bicycle racks, trash bins and the like that have been crash tested and proven effective against vehicle-ramming threats can enhance the atmosphere instead of hindering it.

Recently, Stefano Boeri, Architect[1] was cited by Dezeen Magazine as saying, “Cities should be redesigned to include trees with bulky planters rather than concrete barriers to prevent vehicle attack”.  He went on to say, “A big pot of soil has the same resistance as a Jersey (modular concrete barrier), but it can host a tree – a living being that offers shade; absorbs dust, CO2 and other subtle pollutants; and provides oxygen and a home for birds”.  We agree.

Hiding Security in Plain Sight

I believe we can “socially engineer” inhabited space.  We can incorporate specific urban design strategies that cause positive behaviors so that there is less reliance on the invasive use of electronic means to keep us safe. 

As an example; the use of “crash rated” street furniture.  It provides a measure of security from a ramming vehicle threat without making the space look like a threat is anticipated.  Another example, and perhaps even more hidden, is the use of furniture that incorporates ballistic materials, so people have something to hide behind during an active shooter threat.  Both solutions are currently available and in use in many unsuspecting areas.

Ultimately citizens don’t want cameras that watch their every move; instead they want space that is functional and free of crime and unwanted behaviors.  By increasing the effectiveness in controlling the social behaviors of the people using or transiting the space, and adding “passive” defensive mechanisms the environments will become safer and need fewer electronic gadgets.

As the great migration from the country-side to urban centers becomes an increasing phenomenon, community leaders must meet the challenges that lie ahead.  As systems of urbanization become ever more complex so will the solutions to resolve the problems they cause.  It’s imperative that not only will smart cities be highly functioning and efficient but they must also be, first and foremost – safe. 

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[1] Boeri is known throughout the architectural and design world for his “plant and tree” covered buildings. 

Electronic Technologies vs Non-electronic Technologies

Many folks think this is the question to ask themselves, “Since there is so much electronic technology out there that can replace the human being, then that must be enough”.  Actually it’s more of a way of thinking than it is a question.

Security companies have been especially good over the last few years in getting people to believe that their “new widget” is the end-all solution to the security dilemma.  The reality is electronic technology is a tool to be used by a person for assessment and analysis.  Ultimately, a human must decide what action to take. 

Having returned this week from the largest U.S. security industry tradeshow, ISC-West 2017, in Vegas I can tell you there were tens of thousands of people looking for the latest “widget”.  Hundreds of companies were professing to have “THE solution”.  Granted a lot of progress has been made in the past few years in regards to taking away some of the pitfalls in the security industry.  Number one among them is the issue of complacency that comes with standing or sitting monotonous hours of guard duty.  Through intelligent analytics and predictive analysis software programs can assist with the assessment.  While helpful, in the end a human must decide how to respond.

Which brings us to the use of non-electronic technologies.  Security is an everybody business.  It cannot be left up to guard personnel or the police.  It takes everyone’s “eyes and ears”.  Smart companies provide security awareness training to their staff on a regular basis.  The training must include how to recognize “wanted and unwanted” behavior, when and how to report it and to whom.  Training should also include when to intervene without jeopardizing their own safety or those around them and when reporting unwanted behavior is the first and only course of action.  While routine, it cannot be done every Friday afternoon nor can it be the same scenario week after week.  The Post Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act, Public Law 109-29, recognizes that training and drills must be a mix of “live, virtual and constructive” scenarios.  While this legislation applies to exercise planning for government agencies the same holds true for non-disaster type training in the private sector.  Interactive scenarios that challenge staff to think, sometimes outside of the box, will go a long way in making them ready for whatever comes their way.

Relying solely on electronic technologies is not the answer.  Nor is it a good idea to exclude these technologies in today’s world.  Electronics provide assistance.  They should be treated that way – as a tool that helps us do our jobs.  Likewise, procedures and policies, including awareness and training, are not definitive solutions either. A good security program will have a combination of electronic technologies intertwined with non-electronic technologies for the protection of all.

Acknowledging Your Own Behavior in

Becoming a Stronger Leader

We all know the stories of how life used to be when we were younger. Even better remember the tales your parents, grandparents told you over and over about how life used to be easier, safer back in the good old days? You could leave the door open and nobody would take anything from your house? It is safe to say the world has changed so much. That sense of security found in the community and groups our grandparents talk about has been overshadowed by the focus on individual achievement. It seems we experience more pressure, more speed, and more complexity and consequently more fear.  Fear of the unknown.  Fear of things we can control and extreme fear from those we can’t.  “Not being good enough”, or not fitting into our collective peer groups, or being able to compete on all levels in today’s very competitive and complex societies all fuel this anxiety.  Our personal behavioral issues are not the only thing we have to worry about.  We also have to react to events that we can’t control yet affect us somehow none the less.  Dealing with terrorist or other types of criminal behaviors or even our psychotic neighbors adds to that angst. The reasons behind these fears are an interesting point of research.  To me, what is even more interesting is the idea that we can overcome this fear by controlling it.  While we can’t control every situation, many of which are outside our realm of personal influence, we can control how we react to each situation, whether from an innate moral perspective or a learned one.

People have a profound need to feel safe.  It’s a basic human instinct.  In order to do that, people need to be able to protect themselves and their loved ones by any means possible. Unfortunately, due to the increased focus on individual talents and lack of group cohesiveness an individual must most often “fend for themselves”.  This means an individual must deploy mental and physical strategies.  Since most of us aren’t big enough to just “pound some sense into” the other guy, we must rely on our mental abilities to defuse or de-escalate the situation before it becomes physical. 

What if the alienation of society and the “stand alone” approach is exactly why we got here in the first place?  Remember the stories about the good old days?

We at BLACK believe that the key lies in returning the stability of the community through individual effort.  By bringing this aggravated anxiety level to a more acceptable one within the individual, society can function as it should.  At BLACK we not only look at the community in general, but also within a company or a team of people.  Our way of working focuses on the individual’s improvement. Being aware of your own strengths and having confidence in using them in your own environment benefits the society as a whole.

Companies, groups and teams of people manifest the same characteristics as individuals and therefore, experience the exact same problems, albeit on a different scale. Results driven, “the bottom line” and ICT are the key words within which any (major) organization operates these days.  Even though people are considered the most important asset, in general, we seem to misplace the personal touch due to the pressures of results minded actions.  We get so lost in the management process that we lose sight of the individual’s contribution toward the whole.  This process of managing people as just another asset in the company inventory doesn’t allow for the organization to achieve its true potential.  The days of sound management are over, and the move from efficiency to productivity is starting. To achieve productivity, organizations must have effective leaders.  Leaders can only guide an organization to achieve greatness, if they recognize and acknowledge their own weaknesses and strengths.  A long-term self-actualization process is needed.  With the world’s increasing population and the burden of more complex societies the need for leadership will become paramount.  While the focus will be on efficient and effective system management, it will only be achieve through the transformation from sound management to truly effective and inclusive leadership.  In the future, leaders will play a greater part in every organization and will be essential to all organizational structures – both, private and public, large and small. 

Through our B.L.A.C.K. methodology we provide leaders the skills they need for organizational success by inspiring them to acknowledge their own personal behavior traits.  By doing so, they gain confidence in their abilities to motivate team members “toward greater things”.                                        

Within our vision of training, we firmly believe that we can achieve these goals by changing the way individuals and groups reacted to situations.  We have no illusion in thinking we can  banish criminality, threats or unwanted behavior as a whole, but we believe we can be a factor in creating more self-awareness by acknowledging how we all contribute to the feeling of fear, environmental pressure and loss of control.  All authority figures will play a huge part in this vision. After all he or she must lead by example and create a feeling of a calm and safe environment. Community members, whether within an organization or a neighborhood, must have a sense of confidence in their leaders because of their ability to create “safe environments”.  Only then can we degrade fear and go from “standing-alone” to “standing together”.  In the last year we have seen an escalation in the appalling interaction between private and public authorities and the societies they govern. There is no need to point fingers as to who is to blame, but perhaps we can all take a good look at ourselves and make the decision to do better by being better.

To quote a great leader, President Thomas Jefferson:

“ Laws made by common consent must not be trampled on by Individuals. It is very much the Interest of the good to force the unworthy into their due Share of Contributions to the Public Support, otherwise the burthen on them will become oppressive indeed.”

BLACK

BLACK is a Dutch company specialized in leadership training.  It is run by (former) armed forces with a high success rate. For further information we kindly refer to our website http://www.cpk-black.com

Sex Trafficking and the Role of Facilitator

What is human trafficking?

Under U.S. law, human trafficking includes the unlawful practice of selling, soliciting, or advertising the sexual services of minors or of adults who have been coerced into commercial sex.  The term “coerced” can be through physical or psychological means. It is generally agreed that human trafficking generates billions of dollars globally each year in illegal proceeds. In the United States, over eight in ten suspected incidents of human trafficking involve sex trafficking. 

Online ads and constant transport of victims: high profits and low risk of detection.  What drives the proliferation of sex trafficking, often referred to as a form of modern day slavery?  According to the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC), the last five years have seen an 846% increase in reports of suspected child sex trafficking, “directly correlated to the increased use of the Internet to sell children for sex.”3 Online advertising has transformed the commercial sex trade and in the process has contributed to the explosion of domestic sex trafficking.  Sex traffickers can pocket profits of between $5,000 and $32,833 per week according to an Urban Institute report.

Sex trafficking business model includes the role of facilitator

Sex trafficking is like any other business and includes a seller, customer, and product. The commercial sex trade, however, involves an additional role, which I will refer to as the “facilitator”. In the context of human trafficking, a facilitator is sometimes defined in other ways. For this article, however, “facilitator” will mean persons and/or places that allow sex trafficking to occur, either knowingly or unknowingly, directly or indirectly.  Facilitators can be hotels, online marketplaces, friends or family, shopping malls, strip clubs, truck stops, airports, or the workplace. Sometimes a facilitator is completely unaware of illicit activity and other times complicit. Common facilitators include: online classifieds and adult services web sites, hotels, and shopping malls where illicit massage businesses operate (sometimes a front for sex trafficking).

Online marketplace for adult services

The market leader in online adult services classifieds is Backpage.com. According to Advanced Interactive Media Group, Backpage.com net more than 80% of all revenue from online commercial sex advertising in the United States. You might be wondering why authorities cannot merely shut down web sites that are suspected of advertising sex trafficking victims. (Age is asked but not verified.) It’s complicated. Recurring arguments revolve around the First Amendment Freedom of Speech and the anonymity of the Internet. To further complicate the matter, many adult services sites are hosted offshore, which is especially problematic for the U.S.  

Facilitators face risks of litigation and brand damage

Cynthia Cordes, a former Assistant U.S. Attorney who prosecuted human trafficking cases, discusses the private sector risks of inadvertently supporting the actions of traffickers. “As a federal prosecutor, I saw traffickers target businesses as unknowing participants in the crimes [of human trafficking]; these businesses often had an array of legal ramifications [as a result of] our prosecutions. This was especially true of businesses within the hospitality, food, agricultural and manufacturing industries.”

California’s Red Light Abatement Act allows a building or place to be fined and shut down if found to facilitate prostitution or human trafficking (Penal Code § 11225 – 11235). In 2012 under the Act, two motels in Oakland, CA were sued by the city and ordered shut down for a year following decades of prostitution and child sex trafficking.9  The Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) provides ways to prosecute entities and individuals, whether they played a direct role or not. Although most victims do not pursue civil litigation once they are free of their traffickers, sex trafficking presents an ongoing business risk. Businesses could see more instances of civil litigation in the future.

National Human Trafficking Hotline

If you or someone you know is in immediate danger, please call 911.

If you believe you have information about a potential trafficking situation, call the National Human Trafficking Resource Center toll-free hotline at 1-888-373-7888. Call Specialists are available 24/7 to take reports of potential human trafficking. All reports are confidential and you may remain anonymous. Interpreters are available. To submit a tip online, go to https://traffickingresourcecenter.org/report-trafficking

National Human Trafficking Resource Center (NHTRC), www.traffickingresourcecenter.org.

About the author

By Linda Lange, Director, Cyber Safety Talk– specializing in consulting, open source research, & training.  Linda is involved as a human trafficking community advocate on her local D.A.’s Human Trafficking Task Force. She was invited to testify before the Human Exploitation & Trafficking Institute (H.E.A.T.) in February 2016, where she presented “Online Sex Trafficking in Our Communities.” She holds an M.S. in Organization Development and was awarded a scholarship in 2013 to study Cyber Security Law & Policy through Syracuse University College of Law, Institute for National Security & Counterterrorism. She holds certificates in Internet Crime & Identity Theft, Information Systems Security, and Human Trafficking. Contact: linda@cybersafetytalk.com

References: 

1 See 18 U.S.C. § 1591(a); 27 U.S.C. § 7102(10).

2 U.S. Dep’t of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Characteristics of Suspected Human Trafficking Incidents, 2008-

2010, at 1 (Apr. 2011), http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/cshti0810.pdf.

3 Testimony of Yiota G. Souras, Senior Vice President & General Counsel, National Center for Missing & Exploited

Children, before Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, at 2 (Nov. 19, 2015).

4 Urban Institute, Estimating the Size and Structure of the Underground Commercial Sex Economy in Eight Major US

Cities, at 234 (March 2014), http://www.urban.org/uploadedpdf/413047-underground-commercialsexeconomy.pdf.

5 Polaris, “Illicit Massage Businesses”, available at http://polarisproject.org/initiatives/illicit-massage-businesses

6 Advanced Interactive Media Group, Prostitution-ad revenue up 9.8 percent from year ago (Mar. 22, 2013),

7 Stephen Koff, “As Rob Portman and Senate prepare to bring contempt-of-Congress charge, Backpage.com says ‘Bring it on’” available at http://www.cleveland.com/open/index.ssf/2016/03/as_rob_portman_and_senate_prep.html

8 Cynthia Cordes, “Human Trafficking: Corporate Responsibility for Modern Day Slavery”, available at

http://www.tmtindustryinsider.com/2014/05/cynthia-cordes-authors-human-trafficking-article-for-the-st-louislawyer/

9 Kristin J. Bender, Oakland Tribune, “Judge shutters two prostitution-plagued East Oakland motels”, 5/31/12,

available at http://www.insidebayarea.com/top-stories/ci_20754910/judge-orders-two-east-oakland-motelsclose-pay